A laser used for many applications of hard surface dental work emits 2780-nm wavelength pulses of variable energy (0-300 mJ) about 20 times per second. part a. Determine the number of photons in one 80-mJ pulse. part b. Determine the average power of photons in one 80-mJ pulse during 1 s.

Scientists use laser range-finding to measure the distance to the moon with great accuracy. a brief laser pulse is fired at the moon, then the time interval is measured until the "echo" is seen by a telescope. a laser beam spreads out as it travels because it diffracts through a circular exit as it leaves the laser. in order for the reflected light to be bright enough to detect, the laser spot on the moon must be no more than 1.0 km in diameter. staying within this diameter is accomplished by using a special large-diameter laser. part a if λ = 540nm , what is the minimum diameter of the circular opening from which the laser beam emerges? the earth-moon distance is 384,000 km. express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.

After a big snowfall, you take your favorite rocket-powered sled out to a wide field. the field is 195 m across, and you know that your sled accelerates at a rate of 3.65 m/s2 when the rocket is on. how much time will it take the sled to cross the field starting from rest, assuming the rocket is on the whole time?

What is the major limitation to the light microscope?