What does the vertical polarization axis of polarized sunglasses indicate about the direction of polarization of light bouncing off a horizontal surface, such as a wet road or lake surface

it is desired that the lenses stop this ray, its polarization must be vertical

Explanation:

To answer this exercise, let's analyze the rays of light reflected on a horizontal surface, when the incident light that we consider non-polarized is reflected on a surface, the electric field of light moves the electrons on the surface horizontally and this re-emits the radiation same shape, that is horizontal.

The other vertical direction the atoms have a lot of movement restricted by the attraction on the surface, so for the reflected ray this polarization is attenuated, this does not stop the transmitted ray where the two polarizations are transmitted.

Total polarizations only for one angle, but in general as we approach dominant polarization it horizontal. Specifically the angle for full polarization is

                        n = tan teaP

Now we can analyze what polarization the lenses have, if the ray that comes is polarized horizontally and it is desired that the lenses stop this ray, its polarization must be vertical