In the winter activity of tubing, riders slide down snow covered slopes while sitting on large inflated rubber tubes. To get to the top of the slope, a rider and his tube, with a total mass of 88 kgkg , are pulled at a constant speed by a tow rope that maintains a constant tension of 350 NN . How much thermal energy is created in the slope and the tube during the ascent of a 30-m-high, 120-m-long slope?

16.10 kJ

Explanation:

The thermal energy created in the slope can be found by definition of work (W):  

Where:

and : is the final and initial kinetic energy

: is the final potential energy

and : is the final and initial thermal energy

We have that W is:

Where:

F: is the force equal to the tension (T)

d: is the displacement = 120 m

And since the speed is constant, = we have:

Therefore, the thermal energy created in the slope and the tube during the ascent is 16.10 kJ.

I hope it helps you!  

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.