Part C - Design of an equivalent rod using gray cast iron An engineer works for a company that has many gray cast iron rods of different diameters and would like to design an equivalent rod that could handle a force of P = 28.0 kip without fracturing. What is the minimum diameter that this new rod must have to support P? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate unit

freezing

deposition

condensation

explanation;

melting also called fusion is the process where solid becomes liquid, sublimation is the process where solid becomes gaseous without first changing to liquid, deposition involves change from gaseous to solid state, freezing involves change from liquid to solid, boiling or evaporation involves change of liquid to gaseous state, while condensation is the change from gaseous state to liquid state.

endothermic reactions involves absorption of heat from the surroundings or the environment while exothermic reactions involves loss of heat energy to the surroundings.

in this case, sublimation, evaporation and melting are endothermic reactions (gain energy from the environment) while, freezing, deposition and condensation are exothermic (loss of energy to the surroundings) reactions.