Ingrid wrote the hypothesis below. If the temperature of a liquid increases, the density of the liquid decreases because the particles move farther apart. What are the variables in her hypothesis? The independent variable is the temperature, and the dependent variable is the density. The independent variable is the density, and the dependent variable is the temperature. The independent variable is the temperature, and the dependent variable is the distance between particles. The independent variable is the distance between particles, and the dependent variable is the temperature.

Asmall, positively charged ball is moved close to a large, positively charged ball. which describes how the small ball likely responds when it is released? it will move toward the large ball because like charges repel. it will move toward the large ball because like charges attract. it will move away from the large ball because like charges repel. it will move away from the large ball because like charges attract.

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .

A100-watt light bulb illuminates a solar cell. the electricity from the solar cell operates a water pump that delivers 1 watt of power. what is the efficiency of the system?