A plasma is a gas of ionized (charged) particles. When plasma is in motion, magnetic effects "squeeze" its volume, inducing inward pressure known as a pinch. Consider a cylindrical tube of plasma with radius R and length L moving with velocity v along its axis. If there are n ions per unit volume and each ion has charge q , we can determine the pressure felt by the walls of the cylinder. Required:
a. What is the volume charge density p in terms of n and q?
b. The thickness of the cylinder surface is n^1/3. What is the surface charge density σ in terms of n and q?

 a

    The volume charge density is  

b

    The surface charge density is  

Explanation:

From the question we are told that

    The radius is  R

     The length is L

       The velocity is  v

        The number of ions per unit volume is  n

         The charge is  q

          The thickness of the cylinder surface is  

The volume charge density is mathematically represented as

The surface charge density is mathematically represented as

substituting for  

weather forecasts are done by collecting data about the current state of the atmosphere mainly the temperature, humidity and wind and using meteorology, to determine the atmosphere that evolves over time. the h and l mean the high and low pressure. the red strip is a warm front. the blue strip is a cold front. the blue and red strip is a stationary front. the purple strip is a occluded front.

explanation:

igneous rocks also form where plates converge. the subducting plate melts as it sinks into the crust of the earth, and the melt rises into the overriding plate forming volcanoes. metamorphic rocks are formed mainly in the lithosphere, wherever there is high pressure and high temperature. -woods