The helium atom has two neutrons and two protons in its nucleus, and it has two electrons outside its nucleus. which force keeps a helium atom from disintegrating into two neutrons and two hydrogen atoms? . a. electromagnetic. b. gravity. c. strong nuclear. d. friction.

option C. Strong nuclear

Explanation:

1) There are four fundamental interactions or forces: electromagnetic force, gravity, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear.

2) Elctromagnetic force is the force between an electric field and a charge. When two charges are equal, either positive or negative, the electromagnetic force is repulsive. This is the force that makes the atom nuclei unstable, because the several protons (from 1 to 118 depending on the element) are together in a tiny space. Hence, it is necessary another stronger force that overcomes the repulsion and keeps the atoms from desintegrating.

3) Gravity is the force between two masses. It is only important when the masses are big (like the masses of the Earth and the Mooon). It is not relevant in the protons because the mass of a proton is very small.

4) Strong nuclear force: is the force that gives stability to the atomic nucleii. The strong nuclear force has a very small range, and it is the very strong at the nucleii sizes, where it is more than 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic repulsive force between the protons.

-first use of geothermal energy occurred more than 10,000 years ago in north america by american paleo-indians

-the first industrial use of geothermal energy began near pisa, italy in late 18th century

-in 1904, italian scientist piero ginori conti invented the first geothermal electric power plant in which steam was used to generate the power

-with the above experiment, the first geothermal plant in usa started in 1922 with a capacity of 250 kilowatts

-however, in 1946 first ground-source geothermal heat pump installed at commonwealth building in portland, oregon

-during the 1960’s, pacific gas and electric began operation of first large scale geothermal power plant in san francisco, producing 11 megawatts

-in 1973, when oil crisis began many countries began looking for renewable energy sources and by 1980’s geothermal heat pumps (ghp) started gaining popularity in order to reduce heating and cooling costs

-as effect of climate change started showing results, governments of various countries joined hands to fight against it, for which kyoto protocol was signed in japan in 1997, laid out emission targets for rich countries and required that they transfer funds and technology to developing countries, 184 countries have ratified it

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