In an annealing (heat treatment) process, copper rods ( = 8933 kg/m3 , k = 401 W/m ∙ K, c = 385 /kg ∙ K, = 1.17 × 10−5m2 /s) with a radius of 0.05 meters are treated by drawing them through an industrial high temperature furnace. The gases ( = 0.4213 kg/m3 , k = 0.08491 W/m ∙ K, c = 1292 /kg ∙ K, = 1.56 × 10−4m2 /s) in the furnace are maintained at 1300K. The heat transfer coefficient in the furnace is 150W/m2 ∙ K. The copper rods enter the furnace at a uniform temperature of 350K throughout the rods.

Assume that two of the electrons at the negative terminal have attached themselves to a nearby neutral atom. there is now a negative ion with a charge -2e at this terminal. what are the electric potential and electric potential energy of the negative ion relative to the electron? the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both twice as much. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is twice as much. the electric potential and the electric potential energy are both the same. the electric potential is the same and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron. the electric potential is twice as much and the electric potential energy is increased by the mass ratio of the oxygen ion to the electron.