What factor is essential to the effectiveness of Joule's paddle wheel demonstration?

A4.0-cm tall light bulb is placed a distance of 32.0 cm from a concave mirror having a focal length of 16.0 cm. determine the image distance

1) what is the power in horsepower of a 100 watt light bulb? what is the power in kilowatts of a 200 horsepower engine? 2) if a cars engine is providing 3000 n of force to keep the car moving at 5 m/s, what is the engine’s effective power? 3) how many gallons of water will be pumped from a well 30 feet deep by a 1/2 hp engine in 1 minute? (1 gallon weighs 8.34 pounds)

State the below theories and give the name of the writer of the theory 1. wave theory 2. quantum theory 3. corpuscular theory 4. electromagnetic theory