Investigate the chemical potential μ upon a change in volume. We will use the fact that
F=U−TS and μ=∂F∂N. We will compute μ(Vf)−μ(Vi)

Take N=20 moles (which is 20 times Avagodro's number of particles), T=300 K, Vi=0.01 m^3,Vf=0.02 m^3
For a gas with an excluded volume: U=32NkT+const S=Nkln⁡(V−bN)+const

If b=9 × 10-29 m^3, compute µ(Vf)- µ(Vi)

Explanation:

Let's rewrite F in terms of N.

C is a constant value.

We know that the chemical potential μ is the partial derivative of F with respect to N.

We can find now the chemical potential μ(Vf).

We can do the same to find μ(Vi).

Therefore µ(Vf) - µ(Vi) will be:

I hope it helps you!

answer;

d. are made mostly of liquid

explanation;

-the general   composition and structure planets includes; they have a thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,solid core. mostly the gases are hydrogen and helium atmosphere and layers of liquid hydrogen. for instance neptune and uranus are examples of the outer planets, they have a core covered by ice and ammonia.

-neptune's atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with a bit of methane so there is no oxygen to breath and the interior is made up of frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. thus, there is no liquid water or solid surface to survive.

conduct current i mean it makes sense