Minerals can form in two ways, what are they?

Suppose that f : rn → rm and that a ∈ k, where k is a connected subset of rn . suppose further that for each x ∈ k there exists a δx > 0 such that f(x) = f(y) for all y ∈ bδx (x). prove that f is constant on k; that is, f(x) = f(a) for all x ∈ k

Which sections of the heating curve illustrate this process?

How many electrons does each element require in its valence shell to become stable?