Which of the following can be used along with fundamental constants, but no other quantities, to calculate the magnitude of the electric field between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor whose plate dimensions and spacing are not known?
A. the flux between the platesB. the total charge on either plateC. the potential difference between the platesD. the surface charge density on either plateE. the total energy stored in the capacitor

D. the surface charge density on either plate

Explanation:

This is seen from the charge formula in. The image below.

answer: the correct answer is 1.

explanation: there are various process in which a radioactive nuclei decays:

1) alpha decay: in this process, a heavier nuclei decays into lighter nuclei by releasing alpha particle. the mass number is reduced by 4 units.

2) electron capture: in this decay process, a parent nuclei absorbs an electron and gets converted into a neutron. simply, a proton and an electron combines together to form a neutron. mass number does not change in this process.

3) gamma ray emission: it is a decay process in which an unstable nuclei gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. this decay releases . this process does not change the mass number.

4) positron emission: it is a type of decay process, in which a proton gets converted to neutron and an electron neutrino. this is also known as -decay. in this the mass number remains same.

from the above information, we see that only alpha-decay is producing a change in the mass number of the nucleus.

come closer and become far apart and become steam/gas