How many cycles have been completed after 3 seconds on the graph

3 Cycles

Explanation:

Every cycle on a cosine function are marked by the completion of 5 key points when moving along the x-axis:

(5, 0, -5, 0, 5)

This cycle has a frequency of 2, occurring once every second, thus answering our question easily.

the closer the planet is to the sun, the larger the gravity

answer

procedural programming, object-oriented programming

explanation

procedural programming is a type of computer programming language that specifies a series of well structured steps and procedures   within its development period of time. it contains a systematic order of statements, functions and commands to complete a computational task or program. it is centered on creating procedures. while object oriented programming is a programming language that is centered on creating objects rather that actions and data rather than logic.. it has four principles which are inheritance, polymorphism, abstraction and encapsulation