Approximately one billion years ago, the Moon orbited the Earth much closer than it does today. The radius of the orbit was only 24 400 km. The orbital period was only 23 400 s. Today, the average radius is 385 000 km; and the present period is 2.36 × 106 s. Assuming that the orbit of the Moon is circular, calculate the ratio of the speed of the Moon in its ancient orbit to the speed that it has today.

To run the physics cart, the fan speed of the cart is manipulated. this is the (blank) variable. the cart accelerates due to the speed of the fan. acceleration is therefore the (blank) variable. a “constant” is a parameter that stays the same regardless of the variables. one parameter of the cart that is held constant is the (blank) .

19. explain why a magnet from your refrigerator could not be used to lift something as heavy as a car. (chapter 7 – pages 202-203) 20. can a magnet ever have a single pole? explain your answer. (chapter 7 – page 208) 21. what happens to the wavelength of a wave if the frequency is increased? (chapter 9 – pages 280-281) 22. an ocean wave has a wavelength of 10 m and a frequency of 4.0 hz. what is the velocity of the wave? show the appropriate equation from your book and show your work with units. (chapter 9 – page 282) 23. as you sit outside, the sound of a siren becomes lower in pitch. is the emergency vehicle moving away from or towards you? explain how you know. (chapter 10 – page 315-316) 24. why are two astronauts in space unable to hear one another? (chapter 10 – page 307) 25. explain in at least 3 sentences how electromagnetic waves form. (chapter 11 – page 338-339) 26. using the chart on page 345 in your textbook, what are the three types of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths shorter than those of visible light. give an example of each. (chapter 11 – pages 345-351) 27. explain why a leaf usually appears to be green, but a rose typically appears red. (chapter 12 – page 373) 28. what is the difference in light that is refracted compared to light that is reflected? think in terms of speed of light as well as what happens to light waves when they interact with a medium. (chapter 12 – pages 369-370) 29. how are concave and convex lenses different? (chapter 13 – page 408-410) 30. what type of mirror is used in rearview mirrors in cars? why is it important that these mirrors have the warning, “objects in mirror are closer than they appear.”? (chapter 13 – page 405)

Which notation is used to represent an alpha particle? a. b. c. d.