After a party the host pours the remnants of several bottles of wine into a jug. He then inserts a cork with a 2.25-cm diameter into the jug, placing it in direct contact with the wine. He is amazed when he pounds the cork into place that the bottom of the jug, with a 16.5-cm diameter, breaks away. show answer No Attempt Find the force that the liquid exerts on the bottom of the bottle when the host is pounding the cork with a 150-N force. Ignore the force caused by the weight of the wine.

F = 8066.67 N

Explanation:

The extra force exerted on the bottom of the jug can be expressed as the pressure generated by the cork multiplied by the area of the bottom. We can also obtain the Pressure P by dividing the force F1 applied to the cork by it's area A1.

Thus;

F = PA2 = (F1/A1) x (A2)

F = (F1/(πd1²/4)) x (πd2²/4)

π/4 will cancel out to give;

F = F1(d2/d1)²

F = 150(16.5/2.25)

F = 8066.67 N

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.