Two fire trucks have sirens that emit waves of the same frequency. As the fire trucks approach a person, the person hears a higher frequency from truck X than from truck Y.
1. Which of the following statements about truck X can be correctly inferred from this information?
A) It is traveling faster than truck Y.
B) It is closer to the person than truck Y.
C) It is speeding up, and truck Y is slowing down.

Only option A is correct

Explanation:

From the concept of Doppler effect, only speed matters. Thus, the faster a vehicle is moving, the closer together the sound waves get compressed and the higher the frequency. For example, for a very fast vehicle traveling at the speed of sound; the compressions are all right on top of each other. Thus, faster speed means closer compressions and higher frequencies. Hence, option only option A must be true because X is a higher frequency and so it must be going faster. The distance to the person will affect the volume but will not the pitch so Option B is not correct. Option C too is not correct because It doesn’t matter whether you are speeding up or slowing down, it only matters who is going faster. For example, from option c concept, if truck X was going 10 m/h and speeding up while truck Y was going 50 mph and slowing down, it would not meet the requirement that X has a higher frequency because only actual speed matters, not what is happening to that speed. Thus only option A is the correct answer

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