A 5-kg projectile is fired over level ground with a velocity of 200 m/s at an angle of 25°above the horizontal. Just before it hits the ground its speed is 150 m/s. Over the entire trip the change in the thermal energy of the projectile and air is:

The mechanical energy is constant if the subject is an isolated system pertaining to conservative forces. The change in the thermal energy is 43,750 J.

Given that:

Mass = 5 kg

Initial velocity = 200 m/s

Final velocity = 150 m/s

Change in thermal energy = ?

The principle of conservation of mechanical energy states that it is equivalent to the sum of kinetic energies and potential energies in an isolated system, such that:

PE₁ + KE₁ = PE₂ + KE₂

As we know, the projectile fired from the ground level. The potential energy is zero.

The equation becomes:

Thus, the change in the thermal energy is 43,750 J.

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Given Information:

Mass = m = 5 kg

Initial velocity = v₁ = 200 m/s

Final velocity = v₂ = 150 m/s

Required Information:

change in thermal energy = ?

ΔKE = 43,750 J

Explanation:

According to the principle of conservation of mechanical energy

PE₁ + KE₁ = PE₂ + KE₂

The projectile is fired from ground level so there is zero energy stored due tot he position of the projectile which means that the change in potential energy is zero, so the equation becomes  

ΔKE = KE₁ - KE₂

ΔKE = ½mv₁² - ½mv₂²

ΔKE = ½m(v₁² - v₂²)

ΔKE = ½*5(200² - 150²)

ΔKE = 43,750 J

Therefore, the change in the thermal energy of the projectile and air is 43,750 Joules.

unbalanced force

explanation:

scattering of light by tiny particles in air to produce the colors we see on sky, is dependent on the following factors:

(i) wavelength of light

(ii) size of the scattering particle  

(iii) distance traveled by light through the atmosphere.

according to rayleigh's law of scattering, the amount of scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of its wavelength. shorter the wavelength, greater is its scattering. hence violet/blue light is scattered more than red.

sun's light is a composite light ( visible light) with wavelengths in the range 400 nm (violet) to 700 nm (red). as sunlight passes through our atmosphere, the molecules of air scatter light according to their wavelengths. during sunrise and sunset, the sun's position is below the horizon. hence light from the sun travels a greater distance in the atmosphere when compared to its position a noon.

as sunlight enters the earth's atmosphere, blue light is scattered away and at the end of its journey in the sky, only red and orange wavelengths remain in the beam.

hence at sunrise and sunset, the sky appears reddish orange.