A great deal of effort, time, and money has been spent in the quest for a so-calledperpetual-motion machine, which is defined as a hypothetical machine that operates orproduces useful work indefinitely and/or a hypothetical machine that produces morework or energy than it consumes. Explain, in terms of the first law of thermodynamics, why or why not such a machine is likely to be constructed.

An ideal otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. at the beginning of the compression process, air is at 95 kpa and 27°c, and 750 kj/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volume heat-addition process. assuming constant specific heats at room temperature, determine (a) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat-addition process, (b) the net work output, (c) the thermal efficiency, and (d) the mean effective pressure for the cycle. (4390 kpa, 1730 k; 423 kj/kg; 56.4%; 534 kpa)

1. what is the relationship between wavelength and the penetrating power of an electromagnetic wave? a) the penetrating power has no relationship to the wavelength. b) the penetrating power increases as the wavelength increases. c) the penetrating power decreases as the wavelength increases. d) the penetrating power decreases as the wavelength decreases. 2. as ice melts and turns into water, the speed of sound through the material would most likely do what? justify your answer. a) the speed would not change because the material is always water. b) the speed of sound would increase because the density of water is less than that of ice. c) the speed of sound would increase because energy is added to ice in order to make it melt. d) the speed of sound would decrease because sound travels faster through solids than liquids. 3.which of these waves need a medium to travel through? a) sound b) x-rays c) infrared rays d) visible light

Which statements did both aristotle and ptolemy assume? check all that apply.