The nucleus of any atom requires a strong force to hold it together. This strong force is required because

A) the nucleus of any atom is so small.
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B) protons and neutrons repel each other.
C) positive protons in the nucleus repel each other.
D) the charges of the protons and the electrons cancel each other out.

Materials will have different energies associated with the electrons inside them. this is related to how strongly bound they are by their work function. if we sandwich a material with a very low energy between two materials with a high energy, we create a trap for an electron. if this trap is very narrow in one direction in comparison to the others, this is approximately a 1-dimensional box that confines the electron. what is the lowest energy of an electron in the box if the thinnest direction across the materials is 4.81 nm?