5. The ends of a 10 cm laser rod, index of refraction = 1.76, has its ends coated for reflectivity of 99.9 % and 90 %. If there is no excited state absorption (  calculate a) the fractional loss per pass and b) the decay time of the cavity

the fractional loss per pass =0.053

the decay time of the cavity =11 ns

Explanation:

laser is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation and it has lot of military applications : basically ranging from target acquisition, fire control, and training. It is also being used  in LIDAR communications, radar systems , laser guided landing systems, laser pointers, holography, photography, guidance systems, scanning machines, metal working,  and medicine.

the fractional loss per pass=

but no excited state absorption, therefore is 0

=0.053

b) the decay time of the cavity:

=1.1 *10^-8 seconds

=11 ns

concave lenses are used here. they spread the light out before it reaches the convex lens in the eye, therefore letting the image focus directly on the retina. hyperopia is known to you probably as farsightedness.

answer: 31, 5556. 952 seconds