A system consisting of a positively-charged particle and an electric field A. loses potential difference and kinetic energy when the charged particle moves in the direction of the field. B. loses electric potential energy when the charged particle moves in the direction of the field. C. loses kinetic energy when the charged particle moves in the direction of the field. D. gains electric potential energy when the charged particle moves in the direction of the field. E. gains potential difference and electric potential energy when the charged particle moves in the direction of the field.

The heater element of a 120 v toaster is a 5.4 m length of nichrome wire, whose diameter is 0.48 mm. the resistivity of nichrome at the operating temperature of the toaster is 1.3 × 10-6 ω·m. the toaster is operated at a voltage of 120 v. (a) what is the power drawn by the toaster? (b) if the cost of electricity is 12 ¢ per kilowatt-hour, and it takes 2 minutes to toast bread, how much does it cost for toasted bread? (c) when the heater element is at room temperature, is the resistivity in the nichrome wire greater than, less than, or equal to it’s resistivity when at operating temperature? explain.