The gravitational force of attraction between two students sitting at their desks in physics class is 2.59 × 10−8 N. If one student has a mass of 31.9 kg and the other has a mass of 30.0kg, how far apart are the students sitting? The universal gravitational constant is 6.673 × 10−11 N · m2/kg^2.

Ammonia enters the expansion valve of a refrigeration system at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of 18oc and exits at 6.0 bar. the refrigerant undergoes a throttling process. determine the temperature, in oc, and the quality of the refrigerant at the exit of the expansion valve.

Amodel rocket with a mass of 0.212 kg is launched into the air with an initial speed of 84 m/s. how much kinetic energy will the rocket have at a height of 214 m? assume there is no wind resistance. 634 j 303 j

Some material consisting of a collection of microscopic objects is kept at a high temperature. a photon detector capable of detecting photon energies from infrared through ultraviolet observes photons emitted with energies of 0.3 ev, 0.5 ev, 0.8 ev, 2.0ev, 2.5ev, and 2.8ev. these are the only photon energies observed. (a) draw and label a possible energy-level diagram for one of the microscopic objects, which has four bound states. on the diagram, indicate the transitions corresponding to the emitted photons. explain briefly. (b) would a spring–mass model be a good model for these microscopic objects? why or why not? (c) the material is now cooled down to a very low temperature, and the photon detector stops detecting photon emissions. next, a beam of light with a continuous range of energies from infrared through ultraviolet shines on the material, and the photon detector observes the beam of light after it passes through the material. what photon energies in this beam of light are observed to be significantly reduced in intensity (“dark absorption lines”)? explain briefly.