A gas within a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of three processes in series, beginning at state 1 where m = 0.40 kg, p1 = 1 bar, V1 = 1.5 m3, as follows: Process 1–2: Compression with pV = constant, W12 = -102 kJ, u1 = 424 kJ/kg, u2 = 780 kJ/kg. Process 2–3: W23 = 0, Q23 = -150 kJ. Process 3–1: W31 = 48 kJ. There are no changes in kinetic or potential energy. Determine Q12 and Q31, each in kJ.

d₁ = displacement of tern from arctic to antarctic = 11000 miles

d₂ = displacement of tern from antarctic to arctic =   - 11000 miles

d = total displacement for the journey

total displacement for the journey is given as

d = d₁ + d₂

d = 11000 + (-11000)

d = 0 miles

t₁ = time of travel from arctic to antarctic = 3 months = 3 x 30 days = 90 days

t₂ = time of travel from antarctic to arctic = 3 months = 3 x 30 days = 90 days

t = total time of travel

total time of travel is given as

t = t₁ + t₂

t = 90 + 90

t = 180 days

average velocity is given as

average velocity = total displacement/ total time

v = d/t

v = 0/180

v = 0 miles/day

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d. platinum would have the greatest temperature increase because it has the lowest specific heat.