If the fundamental frequency of a violin string is 440 HzHz, what is the frequency of the second harmonic?

880Hz

Explanation:

A violin string is an example of an open pipe. An open pipe is open at both ends.

The fundamental frequency is the first harmonic.In an open pipe the second harmonic is twice the fundamental frequency.

Hence, second harmonic = 2Fo

Fo=440Hz

Second harmonic = 2*440Hz

Second harmonic = 880Hz

speed of light in vacuum is 300,000 km/s

speed of light in other mediums is given by the expression v = c/n, where c is the speed of light in vacuum and n is the refractive index of medium.

for the first medium v = 200,000 km/s

  so, refractive index of medium = 300000/200000 = 1.5

    1.5 refractive index is usually for glass. so first medium is glass.

for the second medium v = 250,00 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/250000 = 1.2

    1.2 refractive index is usually for water. so second medium is water.

for the third medium v = 0 km/s

so, refractive index of medium = 300000/0 = ∞

    ∞ refractive index is usually for opaque mediums. so third medium is opaque medium.