When water freezes, its volume increases by 9.05% (that is, ΔV V0 = 9.05 ✕ 10−2). What force per unit area is water capable of exerting on a container when it freezes? (It is acceptable to use the bulk modulus of water in this problem.

2.0×10⁸ N/m².

Explanation:

Bulk modulus, B is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume

B = -V₀ * (Δp/ΔV)

Given:

ΔV/V₀ = 9.05×10⁻²

Bw = 0.22×10¹⁰

Δp = -B * (ΔV/V₀)

= (0.22×10¹⁰) * (9.05×10⁻²)

= 2.0×10⁸ N/m².

a, c, d, e are all applying about success strategies.