A roller coaster of mass 3000.0 kg starts from rest at Point A, which is 33 meters above the bottom of the coaster and proceeds to point C, which is 15 m above the bottom of the coaster. a) What is its speed at C? b) Recall that the formula for critical velocity is: If the radius of the loop is 5.0 m, will the roller coaster have enough kinetic energy at the top of the loop to satisfy the critical velocity criteria?

Complete answer

A roller coaster of mass 3000.0 kg starts from rest at Point A, which is 33 meters above the bottom of the coaster and proceeds to point C, which is 15 m above the bottom of the coaster. a) What is its speed at C? b) Recall that the formula for critical velocity is: If the radius of the loop is 5.0 m, will the roller coaster have enough kinetic energy at the top of the loop to satisfy the critical velocity criteria?

The roller coaster has enough kinetic energy.

Explanation:

Assuming there are not dissipative forces between the cart and the rails of the roller coaster, we can use conservation of energy between A and C:

(1)

with K kinetic energy and U potential gravitational energy. Kinetic energy is defined as:

(2)

with v the velocity and m the mass. If we choose zero of potential energy at the bottom of the roller coaster, the gravitational potential energy is:

(3)

with gravitational acceleration and h the height of the cart. Using (2) and (3) on (1):

Solving for VB and knowing that velocity on A is zero because the cart starts from rest:

b) Critical velocity is in our case:

So, the critical kinetic energy is:

Now we should check that the value of kinetic energy at 5m is more or equal to that value. We can use the equation used on a)

solving for K5:

It is bigger than Kc, so the roller coaster has enough kinetic energy.

some think that theories become laws, but theories and laws have separate and distinct roles in the scientific method. a law is a description of an observed phenomenon in the natural world that hold true every time it is tested. it doesn't explain why something is true; it just states that it is true.

answer: b.

explanation: