A toaster using a Nichrome heating element operates on 120 V. When it is switched on at 20∘C, the heating element carries an initial current of 1.39 A. A few seconds later, the current reaches the steady value of 1.25 A. The average value of the temperature coefficient of resistivity for Nichrome over the temperature range from 20∘C to the final temperature of the element is 4.5×10−4(∘C)−1.

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

            Voltage (V) = 120 V

           Current (I) = 1.39 A

Now, we will calculate the initial resistance using ohm's law as follows.

                R =

                   =

                   = 86.33 ohm

Now, final resistance will be calculated as follows.

                  R =

                   =

                   = 96 ohm

Now,

               T =

Thus, we can conclude that final temperature of the element is .