If no heat is lost to the surroundings, how much heat must be added to raise the temperature from 20.0 ∘c to 85.0 ∘c ?

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Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?

Which statement is true if the refractive index of medium a is greater than that of medium b? a. total internal reflection is possible when light travels from air to medium b to medium a. b. total internal reflection is possible when light travels from medium a to medium b. c. total internal reflection is possible when light travels from medium b to medium a. d. total internal reflection is possible when light travels from air to medium a. e. total internal reflection is possible when light travels from air to medium b.