Paleoclimatology is the study of ancient climates. a region's present day or ancient climate is determined by taking several factors into account, including characteristics of the region’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. since direct observations of ancient climates are not available before the 19th century, paleoclimatologists rely remnants of evidence, such as sediments found in lake beds, ice cores, and tree rings. this information is then used to create mathematical climate models.
why do you think it’s important for scientists to study earth’s past climates? what information are scientists likely to gain from investigating the earth’s past? since the data obtained by paleoclimatologists is not based on direct observations, can their discoveries and models be trusted? why or why not?

reserve is the answer

air exerts forces on falling objects near earth’s surface.

explanation:

the term 'free falls' refer to object that are falling towards the earth, in a situation in which gravity is the only force acting on the object.

for an object in free fall, the acceleration is constant (g, the gravitational acceleration), and so the velocity of the object constantly increases.

for objects near earth's surface, there is always another force acting on the object: the resistance due to the air. this force is opposed to the direction of fall of the object, and it is proportional to the velocity of the object, so as the object falls down, this force increases up to a point when it balances the force of gravity, and the object continues its motion at constant velocity (called terminal velocity). since in this case gravity is not the only force acting on the object, we are not in a situation of free fall.