Pumping apparatus driver/operators must be familiar with the different types of nozzles carried on their apparatus. how would a particular type of nozzle being used affect the hydraulic calculations that must be performed by the driver/operator?

Each type of nozzle has its discharge pressure and optimum flow rate which affect the hydraulic calculations.

Explanation:

There are different types of nozzles used for pumping operation. Each type of nozzle has its discharge pressure and optimum flow rate. And in hydraulic calculations, various nozzle parameters (such as discharge pressure and optimum flow rate) are needed. Therefore, the capabilities of these nozzles to generate the proper fluid volume and pressure must be carefully understood.

absorption lines are where light has been absorbed by the atom thus you see a dip in the spectrum whereas.

emission spectra have spikes in the spectra due to atoms releasing photons at those wavelengths.

explanation:

molecules are free to separate from each other and will take on the shape of the container. molecules move completely at random and high speeds. they vibrate in a fixed position and do not move around much. molecules expand to the edge of their container.