Suppose a 18-bit digital representation of an analog signal with amplitude of 10 v (i. e., signal can vary from +10v to –10 v) is to be used. n =18 bits would allow for a huge dynamic range of amplitudes, from the smallest binary number (2^0 = ) to the largest binary number of (2^n–1 = ), for a dynamic range of db. this corresponds to an amplitude resolution (step-size) of (20 v)/(2n-1) = v.

The two metal spheres in the figure are connected by a metal wire with w switch in the middle. initially the switch is open. sphere 1, with the larger radius, i'd given a positive charge. sphere 2, with the smaller radius, is neutral. then the switch is closed. afterward, sphere 1 has charge q1, is at potential v1 and the electric field strength at its surface is e1. the values for sphere 2 are q2, v2, and e2. a. is v1 < ,> , or = to v2? explain. b. is q2 < , > , or = explain? c. is e1 < ,> ,or = to e2? explain?