(a) it is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80×107j of energy when burned. to illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 l of crude oil, if the water’s temperature rises from 20.0°c to 100°c , it boils, and the resulting steam’s temperature rises to 300°c at constant pressure. (b) discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil is less dense than water.

(a) 9.35 L  (b) water will naturally settle at the bottom while oil will float on water which will affect how water extinguishes a fire.

Explanation:

(a) Using the equation below:

Where:

Q = energy in joules = 2.80*10^7 J

m = mass of water (kg)

= specific heat capacity of water = 4184 J/(kg*K)

= specific heat capacity of steam = 1996 J/(kg*K)

L = the latent heat of vaporization of water = 2260 kJ/kg

 = 20 + 273.15 = 293.15 K

 = 100 + 273.15 = 393.15 K

= 300 + 273.15 = 573.15 K

Therefore:

2.8*10^7 = m[4184(373.15-293.15)+2260000+ 1996(573.15-373.15)

2.8*10^7 = m[334720+2260000+399200]

2.8*10^7 = m[2993920]

Thus, m = 9.35 kg

However, mass = volume*density. And one liter of water has a mass of 1 kg.

Thus, the number of liters of water = 9.35 L

(b) Crude oil is less dense than water means the density of water is higher than that of crude oil. As a result of this, water will naturally settle at the bottom while oil will float on water which will affect how water extinguishes a fire.

f=ma newton

f=100x2.5=250n