Aparticle is to move in an xy plane, clockwise around the origin as seen from the positive side of the z axis. in unit vector notation, what torque acts on the particle if the magnitude of its angular momentum about the origin is (a) 4.0 kg x m^2/s, (b) 4.0t^2 kg x m^2/s, (c) 4.0 sqrt(t) kg x m^2/s, and (d) 4.0/t^2 kg x m^2/s

Explain to someone who knows nothing about fossils the study of invertebrate paleontology and how it scientists understand the history of the earth. be sure your explanation contains a minimum of two complete sentences.

Which transition by an electron will release the greatest amount of energy? oa ob oc od

Alinearly polarized electromagnetic wave has an average intensity of 196 w/m^2. this wave is directed towards two ideal polarizers (in real polarizers, transmission is also effected by reflection and absorption). polarizer a is oriented with its transmission axis at an angle of θ_1=20.8∘ with the incident electric field. polarizer b has its axis at an angle of θ_2=63.0∘ with the incident electric field. what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer a? what is the average intensity of the wave after it passes through polarizer b? suppose that the two polarizers a and b are interchanged. what would the average intensity be after passing through both polarizers?