Say that you are in a large room at temperature tc = 300 k. someone gives you a pot of hot soup at a temperature of th = 340 k. you set the bowl up so that as it cools to room temperature the heat first flows through a carnot engine. the soup has cv= (33 j/k). assume that the volume of the soup does not change. what fraction of the total heat qh that is lost by the soup can be turned into useable work by the engine? work / qh =

To solve the problem it is necessary to take into account the concepts related to energy efficiency in the engines, the work done, the heat input in the systems, the exchange and loss of heat in the soupy the radius between the work done the lost heat ( efficiency).

By definition the efficiency of the heat engine is

Where,

Temperature at the room

Temperature of the soup

The work done is defined as,

Where represents the input heat and at the same time is defined as

Where,

Specific Heat

The change at the work would be defined then as

On the other hand we have that the heat lost by the soup is equal to

The ratio between both would be,

Replacing with our values we have,

Therefore the fraction of heat lost by the soup that can be turned into useable work by the engine is 0.0613.

answer: the correct answer is 1.

explanation: there are various process in which a radioactive nuclei decays:

1) alpha decay: in this process, a heavier nuclei decays into lighter nuclei by releasing alpha particle. the mass number is reduced by 4 units.

2) electron capture: in this decay process, a parent nuclei absorbs an electron and gets converted into a neutron. simply, a proton and an electron combines together to form a neutron. mass number does not change in this process.

3) gamma ray emission: it is a decay process in which an unstable nuclei gives excess energy by a spontaneous electromagnetic process. this decay releases . this process does not change the mass number.

4) positron emission: it is a type of decay process, in which a proton gets converted to neutron and an electron neutrino. this is also known as -decay. in this the mass number remains same.

from the above information, we see that only alpha-decay is producing a change in the mass number of the nucleus.

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