Which one of the following scenarios accurately describes a condition in which resonance can occur? a. a column of air has a height equal to 1 ∕8 of the wavelength of the sound waves produced by a tuning fork vibrating over the column of air in an open pipe that's partially immersed in water. b. a vibrating tuning fork is struck and begins to vibrate as the object used to strike it is placed away from the tuning fork. c. a person is holding a tuning fork on one end of a football field and another person is holding a separate tuning fork on the opposite end of the field. d. a pipe's length is equal to 1 ∕2 of the wavelength of the sound waves produced by a tuning fork vibrating over one end of the pipe that's open to the air at both ends.

Comedians like to joke that the reason we haven’t been visited by intelligent life from elsewhere in the universe is that aliens have been monitoring earth’s broadcasts of intellectually embarrassing tv programs, like gilligan’s island, fear factor, the jersey shore, and the jerry springer showand so consider us far too primitive to merit a visit. let’s check the assertion that aliens could have been receiving them. tv programs are broadcast at a frequency of about 100mhz with about 100kw of total power in 30frames per second, which emanatesroughly uniformly in all directions. assume that interstellar space transmits these broadcasts without attenuation. no matter how smart they are, aliens would require at least one photon per frame to interpret our signals. findthe number of photons per unit time per unit area reaching a receiver on a possible planet in the nearest star system, which is about 4 light-years away (a light-year is the distance light travels in a year). if aliens aimed a receiver or detector directly at earth, how big (in diameter) would it have to be to receive a photon per frame

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