It is said that galileo discovered a basic principle of the pendulum—that the period is independent of the amplitude—by using his pulse to time the period of swinging lamps in the cathedral as they swayed in the breeze. suppose that one oscillation of a swinging lamp takes 5.5 s. a. how long is the lamp chain? b. what maximum speed does the lamp have if its maximum angle from vertical is 3.0°?

a) 7.5 m b) 0.45 m/s

Explanation:

a) For a simple pendulum, it can be showed that the period of the SHM that the pendulum does is as follows:

T = 2π √l/g, where l is the length of the string that is attached to the bob of the pendulum, in this case, the lamp chain.

Solving for l, we have:

l = (T/2π)² . g = (5.5)² s² / (2π)² . 9.8 m/s² = 7.5 m

b) For small angles, we can apply the conservation of energy, between the point of lowest potential energy (where speed is maximum) and the point where the potential energy is highest, and speed is zero, as follows:

U₁ + K₁ = U₂ + K₂

As we can choose freely our reference level for gravitational potential energy, we define U₁ = m. g. 0 = 0

so, at this point, K₁ = Kmax = 1/2 m vmax²

In the highest point of trajectory, v=0, ⇒ K₂ = 0

U₂ = m.g. h

Now, this height h, for small angles, can be approximated by the following expression:

h = l -l cosθ, where θ is the angle that the lamp chain aparts from vertical, in this case, 3º.

Replacing by the values, h is as follows:

h = 7.51 m - 7.51. cos 3º= 0.01 m

Now, we can write the following:

U₂ = K₁ ⇒ m.g. h = 1/2 mvmax² ⇒ vmax = √2.g.h = 0.45 m/s

a straight line sloped

the box does not move because you need to use a force greater than 300 n. you are only using 50 n. it needs to at least be 301 n for the box to move because then it is an unbalanced force and it will move the way that the greater force is pushing it. if you use only 300 n it will be a balanced force and will not move because the force you are exerting on the   box is the same as its force.

hope this !

im sorry if i went too in depth, i am going to include a link to a video on khan academy that will explain this.   hope that you like the video and that it explains more in detail to you.

that is the link.