The key insight that bohr introduced to his model of the atom was that the angular momentum of the electron orbiting the nucleus was quantized. he introduced the postulate that the angular momentum could only come in quantities of nh/(2π), where h is planck's constant and n is a nonnegative integer (0,1,2,3,…). given this postulate, what are the allowable values for the velocity v of the electron in the bohr atom? recall that, in circular motion, angular momentum is given by the formula l=mvr.

gas and liquid

see the picture for the vector

the magnitude of the vector by pythagorean theorem

r = √( (-10)^2 + (3)^2 ) = √109

magnitude = √109 units

the direction angle between vector and x-axis is

tan^(-1)(3/10) = 16.699

so the direction is approximately 16.7 degrees north of west

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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