Carbon dioxide (co2) gas within a piston–cylinder assembly undergoes a process from a state where p1 = 5 lbf/in.2 , v1 = 2.5 ft3 to a state where p2 = 20 lbf/in.2 , v2 = 0.5 ft3 . the relationship between pressure and volume during the process is given by p = 23.75 − 7.5v, where v is in ft3 and p is in lbf/in.2 . determine the work for the process, in btu.

work 24.31 ft³/in²

Explanation:

The work in thermodynamic processes is given by a relationship between pressure changes and volume differences as follows:

W = -

In this exercise they give the pressure ratio P = 23.75 -7.5 V, so we can evaluate the integral between points two V1 = 2.5 ft3 and V2 = 0.5 ft3

W = - [23.75 V -7.5 V² / 2]

W = - [23.75 (0.5 -2.5) - 7.5 (0.5² - 2.5²) / 2]

W = - [-47.5 + 23.19] BTU

W = 24.31 ft3 / in2 = 24.31 BTU

Note that the work is positive since work is done on the gas to compress it.

it is given that trillions of microbes make up to 1% to 3% of the body mass.

let's take average of this percentage: 2%

consider the average mass of the human body as 70 kg.

then, trillions of microbes would have mass  

therefore, 100 trillion micro-organisms would weigh:

this is an approximate value and could change depending on the mass of the human body and percentage of the microbes present in it.

average mass per microorganism =

god i hope this !