Starting from the fermat’s principle derive an equation for a shape of an air-glass interface which collimate the rays from a point s0on the optical axis in air parallel to the optical axis in glass (ng=1.5).

The speed of sound in ice, water, and steam is shown. what best explains the speed of sound in different states of matter? sound travels fastest in ice because energy is easier to transfer when the molecules are close together. sound travels slowest in steam because the sound has to move around the gas molecules that are far apart. sound travels fastest in ice because the temperature of solids is always greater, so the heat transfers the sound energy. sound travels slowest in steam because the pressure is so great the sound cannot travel though the steam particles.

The magnitude of the amount of energy released by burning a fuel source, measured in energy per unit mass, is called its fuel value. note that the fuel value is the negative of the isobaric specific heat of combustion for the fuel. if all the energy obtained from burning 1.23 pounds of butane with a fuel value of 10.85 kcal/g is used to heat 128.0 kg of water at an initial temperature of 18.3 °c, what is the final temperature? note that 1 lb = 453.6 g.

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