In order for planes to take off from an aircraft carrier deck, they need aninitial speed boost. this initial speed is provided by the aircraft carrierin the form of a catapult system (using either steam or electromagneticforce). to ensure the system is operational, it is occasionally tested by accelerating a heavy mass (15,000kg). the test measures how farfromthe end of the flight deck this mass hits the water. the flight deck is level and is 15 m above the ocean surface. a) if the test mass hits the water 400 m horizontally from the launchspot, how fast was the test mass traveling when it ’launched’.

the design of a ski jumping suit involves a trade-off between giving the skiers lift to get higher jumps and ensuring the skier does not face a lot of drag before the jump itself. an expansive suit may to lift the skier higher, but at the same time, it will also increase the air resistance. higher air resistance as the skier goes down the slope limits the speed of the jump. a big suit also increases the risk of losing balance or control, especially if there's a strong gust of wind. while technologically enhanced suits a lot, clothing is not the only factor in a ski jumper’s success. gathering speed while skiing down the slope, ensuring good speed on the ramp, and maintaining good body posture and form in the air all contribute to a ski jumper's success.