For a growing quantity to reach a value 32 times its initial value, how many doubling times are required? a) 4
b) 5
c) 16
d) 8

B) n=5

Explanation:

We call the initial value Xo. We start to double this initial value

X1=2*Xo     n=1

We double again:

X2=2*X1=2*(2Xo)      n=2

X2=2*X1=2^2*Xo      n=2

In general:

Xn=(2^n)*Xo

If we want to reach a value 32 times its initial value:

2^n=32

then: n=5

2^5=2*2*2*2*2=32

when insulating materials rub against each other, they may become electrically charged . electrons , which are negatively charged, may be 'rubbed off' one material and on to the other. the material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. the material that loses electrons is left with a positive charge.

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