An underwater scuba diver sees the sun at an apparent angle of 43.0° above the horizontal. what is the actual elevation angle of the sun above the horizontal? (use 1.333 for the index of refraction of water.) e above the horizon

The actual elevation angle is 12.87 degrees

Explanation:

In the attachment you can clearly see the situation. The angle of elevation as seen for the scuba diver is shown in magenta, we conclude that .

Using Snell's Law we can write:

,

Let's approximate the index of refraction of the air (medium 1 in the picture) to 1.

We thus have:

. Calling the actual angle of elevation, we get from the picture that

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