Regions north of the arctic circle are known as the “land of the midnight sun.” explain what this means from an astronomical perspective.

During the summer months the sun is always above the horizon and never sets.

During the winter months the sun never rises above the horizon this means there is perpetual darkness for entire winter.

Explanation:

During the summer months the sun is always above the horizon and never sets. The sun moves in a horizontal direction during the day.

In Autumn around September 21, the sun sinks below the horizon, until October the North pole in twilight.

In spring i.e., March 21 the sun rises above the horizon and continues to do so till June 21

During the winter months the sun never rises above the horizon this means there is perpetual darkness for entire winter.

the working equation for the angular size is the product of the physical size and 360 degrees divided by the product of two pi and distance from earth. the minimum size would be 0.559 degrees while the maximum size would be 0.49 degrees. 

attach the statements so i can answer : )