Magine a thin layer of water (n = 1.33) spread across a block of ice (n = 1.309). (a) if rays of light are directed downwards and reflect/refract with respect to the thin layer of water, determine the minimum water thickness that produces the least reflection at a wavelength of 550 nm. (b) suppose a flashlight was turned on and frozen in the block of ice pointing upwards, determine the minimum water thickness that produces the most reflection at a wavelength of 650 nm.

Part a)

Part b)

Explanation:

Part a)

As we know that when light incident on the water layer then for least reflection of light then path difference of two reflected light is equal to the odd multiple of half of wavelength of light

so here we have

Part b)

As we know that when light incident on the water layer then for maximum reflection of light then path difference of two reflected light is equal to the integral multiple of wavelength of light

so here we have

answer;

d. are made mostly of liquid

explanation;

-the general   composition and structure planets includes; they have a thick gas and liquid layer covering a small,solid core. mostly the gases are hydrogen and helium atmosphere and layers of liquid hydrogen. for instance neptune and uranus are examples of the outer planets, they have a core covered by ice and ammonia.

-neptune's atmosphere is hydrogen and helium with a bit of methane so there is no oxygen to breath and the interior is made up of frozen water and ammonia with a rock and iron core. thus, there is no liquid water or solid surface to survive.