Consider a cw laser consisting of two mirrors (r, - 100%, r2-99%, the distance between mirrors l) and a laser element pumped by a diode laser or a flash-lamp. how the pumping power threshold will change if (i) r, is reduced from 99% to 95%, (ii) the emission cross section is increased from to 2 (ii) the life-time of the metastable level is increased from to 20% (assume four-level laser scheme.)

Aclarinetist, setting out for a performance, grabs his 3.350 kg clarinet case (including the clarinet) from the top of the piano and carries it through the air with an upward force of 24.65 n. find the case's vertical acceleration. indicate an upward acceleration as positive and a downward one as negative.

Carbon 14 is a naturally occurring stable

When a vertical beam of light passes through a transparent medium, the rate at which its intensity i decreases is proportional to i(t), where t represents the thickness of the medium (in feet). in clear seawater, the intensity 3 feet below the surface is 25% of the initial intensity i0 of the incident beam. what is the intensity of the beam "10" feet below the surface? (give your answer in terms of i0. round any constants or coefficients to five decimal places.)