Describe the operation principle in a couple of paragraph. include in your discussion a schematic diagram and some basic formulae. include in your discussion the component required what are their functions and what are the optical parameters involved. mention time scales and dynamical characteristics that are important.

(1) how you wold measure the saturation intensity of homogeneously broadended two-level system?
(2) how to measure the coherent length of a cw laser
(3) how to determine the minimum laser beam width w0 of a laser

the answer is neither ball has a charge.

because if they were both positively charged, they will repel each other.

if they were positively and negatively charged, they will seek.

answer: the metamorphic rocks are formed when they are exposed to high pressure and high temperatures. this happens when one of the earth's plates comes in contact with the other plate by traveling in opposite directions, straight into each other or slipping under one another. the friction that is caused by this activity results in   melting of rocks and when it cools they are known as metamorphic rocks. this process needs a controlled amount of pressure and temperature otherwise it may turn into magma.

answer(20) psi;