(a) (6 pts) suppose a system consists of n noninteracting, indistin guishable, identical particles and that each particle has available to it only two quantum electronic states, whose energies are 0 and a. find expressions for z, z and u. note: because we don 't consider translational energy here, so the 1/n! should be om itted when writing z in terms of z (b) (4 pts) for no, the ground electronic level and the first exited electronic level are each doubly deg enerate. the separation between these two electronic labels is 0.0149 ev. there are no other low-lying electronic levels. for no, calculate za at 150 k. note: lev 16022 * 101 j 9, (12 pts) (a) (3 pts) show that if the hamonic-oscillaor approximation is used, the fractional population of the diatomic-molecule vibrational level v is < n,> (b) (2 pts) show that z, n/ethr write downr in terms of concentration of b and c (b write downk too and [c, na a re, r, t, ma, mc ande rt2 find e d. (3 pts) using e and a.

In a thunderstorm, charge builds up on the water droplets or ice crystals in a cloud. thus, the charge can be considered to be distributed uniformly throughout the cloud. for the purposes of this problem, take the cloud to be a sphere of diameter 1.00 kilometer. the point of this problem is to estimate the maximum amount of charge that this cloud can contain, assuming that the charge builds up until the electric field at the surface of the cloud reaches the value at which the surrounding air breaks down. this breakdown means that the air becomes highly ionized, enabling it to conduct the charge from the cloud to the ground or another nearby cloud. the ionized air will then emit light due to the recombination of the electrons and atoms to form excited molecules that radiate light. in addition, the large current will heat up the air, resulting in its rapid expansion. these two phenomena account for the appearance of lightning and the sound of thunder. take the breakdown electric field of air to be eb=3.00ă—106n/c. part a estimate the total charge q on the cloud when the breakdown of the surrounding air is reached. express your answer numerically, to three significant figures, using ďµ0=8.85ă—10â’12c2/(nâ‹…m2) .

The pressure proportional to the area a- inversely b- directly c- increase d-decrease

In a heat engine if 1000 j of heat enters the system the piston does 500 j of work, what is the final internal energy of the system if the initial energy was 2000 j? 1. write the equation 2.list out your known variables 3.plug the numbers into the equations 4.solve 5.write your solution statement that includes initial energy and final