Asteel tube (k 15 w/m.°c), with an outside diameter of 7.6 cm and a thickness of 1.3 cm is covered with an insulation material (k-0.2 w/m.°c) 2 cm thick. a hot gas at 330°c with a heat transfer coefficient of 400 w/m2.c flows inside the tube. if the outer surface of the insulation is exposed to cooler air at 30°c with a heat transfer coefficient of 60 w/m2.°c, determine: i) the heat loss from the tube to the air for a 10 m length of tube. il) the outer surface temperature of the insulation material.

electromagnetic shielding is the practice of reducing the electromagnetic field in a space by blocking the field with barriers made of conductive or magnetic materials. shielding is typically applied to enclosures to isolate electrical devices from their surroundings, and to cables to isolate wires from the environment through which the cable runs. electromagnetic shielding that blocks radio frequency electromagnetic radiation is also known as rf shielding.

the shielding can reduce the coupling of radio waves, electromagnetic fields and electrostatic fields. a conductive enclosure used to block electrostatic fields is also known as a faraday cage. the amount of reduction depends very much upon the material used, its thickness, the size of the shielded volume and the frequency of the fields of interest and the size, shape and orientation of apertures in a shield to an incident electromagnetic

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