What best describes the direction of the electric field on a spherical equipotential surface?

Perpendicular to the surface

Explanation:

- Electric field lines represent the direction of the electric field. The electric field lines also correspond to the direction along which the gradient of the electric potential is maximum.

- Equipotentials are lines or surfaces along which the electric potential is constant: the electric potential does not change moving along an equipotential surface.

Given the two definitions, equipotential lines are always perpendicular to the electric field lines. Therefore, in this problem, the direction of the electric field is perpendicular to the spherical equipotential surface.

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