The vector a? is 3.50 cm long and is directed into this page. vector b? points from the lower-right corner of this page to the upper-left corner of this page and has the components bx=-19.5 cm , by=25 cm. in the right-handed coordinate system, where the +x-axis directed to the right, the +y-axis toward the top of the page, and +z-axis out of the page, find the x-component of the vector product a? ×b? , measured in cm2.

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

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i need with 1.3.2 investigate cycling o2 and co2 apex

we need to see it

snell's law

refractve index = sin incidence / sin refraction